*Both the 1954 Act of Congress adding Under God to the Pledge of Allegiance and a public school's practice of teacher-led recitation of the Pledge violate the Establishment Clause.
Except for those entries
preceded by an asterisk, Professor Carl H. Esbeck, Isabelle Wade and Paul C. Lyda
Professor of Law, University of Missouri-Columbia prepared and copyrighted the
text under the column entitled "Decision of the Court." L. Martin Nussbaum, co-chair
of the Rothgerber Johnson & Lyons Religious Institutions Group prepared the text
under the column entitled "Decision of the Court" which is preceded by an asterisk.
The Rothgerber Johnson & Lyons LLP Religious Institutions Group gratefully acknowledges
Professor Esbeck's permission to reprint the text which he prepared.
